Essential Christianity - Conclusion

I've tried to outline the absolutely essential components of that which is called "Christianity". I did this first by differentiating between the two different questions, "What must I do to be saved?" and "What is the basic construction required to maintain this house we call 'Christianity'?" Or, in terms of the house metaphor, "What do I have to do to get inside?" and "Now that I'm in, what's it made of?"

To get inside is simple: Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ and you will be saved. This requires a mental acquiescence on which you place your confidence that there was a Jesus of Nazareth who was the promised Messiah and who is now the ultimate authority. This trust is in a Jesus who lived and died and rose again in order to solve the problem of human sin.

And then there is the whole issue of what is essential to Christianity. I gave a list of things. But I'd like to review that list from the opposing viewpoint. What would happen if these items were not received, not acceptable, not in place? That is, in what sense are they essential?

I made the claim that the Bible is God's Word and, as such, is inerrant, infallible, and authoritative. But what if it was not? Well, without such a basis for Christianity, we are left with a nice, squishy place to stand. Who knows where you're wrong or right since it is not inerrant? Who knows where the failures occur since it is not infallible? And what authority do we allow if not the God-breathed Word? Yours? Mine? The Church's? You see, if you reject the Bible as the Word that God breathed to selected men to offer an inerrant, infallible, and authoritative revelation of God's thoughts on the matters He intended, then you reject any binding basis on which to make any argument or take any position on matters of faith or practice. Brothers, you're on your own. Perhaps the Puritans were right in their narrow views or perhaps Pastor Shuck is right in rejecting all of it -- the Bible, God, the Resurrection, Christ. No one has the right to impose their view on anyone else because no one has the authorization -- the authority -- to do so. No biblical reliability and authority? No Christianity.

What if God is not a Trinity? Well, there's going to be a whole lot of biblical problems because the Bible is full of cross-connections between God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. God's own claim to being One will be in jeopardy and Christ's claim to being "I AM" was a lie and the nature of the Holy Spirit is a complete unknown (which is likely a good thing in this case since Jesus -- apparently falsely -- claimed He would send the Spirit to lead His people into all truth and the Holy Spirit apparently has failed completely to do so given the constant verification of the Church that God is a Trinity). No Trinity? No Christianity.

The claim is that Man is not a sinner because he sins, but sins because he is a sinner. The claim is that Man is sinful from birth. Now surely that is debatable, right? Well, not so much. First, the Bible makes the claim, and if it is wrong, refer to that paragraph about the loss of an inerrant Bible. But beyond that, if Man is not sinful from birth, it would stand to reason that some would not fall into sin, even if it is a minority, a miniscule number. But that would, again, invalidate Scripture that claims that all have sinned. Sorry. Still a problem. And, look, it doesn't take a spiritual giant or a Bible expert to open your eyes, look at the "innocence of children" and realize that no such innocence exists. They will lie and steal and do whatever it takes to benefit themselves without regard to others. They don't tend to be good; they have to be taught to be good. So if the claim of the sin nature of Man is false, so is the Bible, logic, and Christianity.

The central issue of Christianity, the Bible -- all of it -- is clearly Christ. The claim is that He is God Incarnate, that He lived on earth as a man, lived a sinless life, died for our sin, and rose again. The claim is that He will indeed return. Now surely we can disagree on one of these, right? Are they actually essential? Well, yes, they are essential and if we disagree on any of these, we dismantle our faith. The problem, remember, is sin. The nature of God, remember, includes Justice. The answer, then, requires that Sin is addressed and Justice is met. In this, Jesus had to be a human to answer the problem of Man's sin. He had to live a sinless life to address the sins of others. He had to pay the price owed for sin in order to satisfy the demands of justice. He had to be God Incarnate -- much more than just human -- in order for that sinless life and payment for sin to satisfy the demands of justice for more than one. And He had to rise again in order to demonstrate victory. If you choose to take off even one piece of this picture, the whole thing falls apart, we are still in our sin, and Christianity is at its end.

There are not a few who would like to suggest that the whole "Church" thing is peripheral. "I'm spiritual, not religious. I don't need others in this relationship with Christ." The Bible disagrees. It was, according to Jesus, one of His purposes for coming at all. The grouping known as "the people of God" is a key element throughout the Bible. We form "the Body of Christ" here on earth. We are a coherent group actuated by individual gifts to accomplish an overall mission. We form the current Temple of God. Without these, Christianity becomes a personalized belief system apart from Scripture (refer again to that paragraph on what happens without Scripture) and Christ failed to accomplish His purpose (refer again to the problem of a Christ who was not God). In short, no Church, no Christianity.

The process of Christianity is three-fold. We have justification by grace through faith in Christ, sanctification, and glorification. Any other justification -- by merit, by works, or by anyone other than Christ -- and we have no chance at justification or, subsequently, salvation. Since God's purpose in justifying us is to form us into the image of His Son, removing sanctification is removing God's primary purpose and, in the end, God fails. And the final outcome has always been to produce people who will "see Him as He is" -- glorification. If no such event exists, the Bible is wrong, God fails, and Christianity is no more.

Ultimately this requires a real "endgame", an actual Heaven and Hell. We may disagree about the details, but the basic facts remain. Hell is forever. Heaven is forever. Hell is eternal torment. Heaven is being eternally in the presence of God. These places are real places. These facts are clearly attested to by Scripture. Hell is the place Christ came to save us from. Heaven is the place Christ came to save us to. If one or the other or both are not a reality, it's all bunk. Christianity is over.

That's what I mean by "Essential Christianity". These pieces are coherent -- they stick together -- and necessary for the entire structure to stand. They are, in this "house", foundations and pillars and load-bearing walls. Take one out and you dismantle the whole. They are not individual claims, but stand structurally interlinked. Are these things required for you to be a Christian? No, of course not. But they are required for Christianity to remain. Thus, if, once inside, you attempt to dismantle one or more of these pieces, the question would be whether or not you entered by the Door. The question would be whether or not you have that Spirit promised by Christ to lead you into all truth. These beliefs aren't necessary to become a Christian, but, once presented with them, denying them will simply lead to the destruction of Christianity itself, at least for yourself. And then where would you be? Not inside this house we call "Christianity".

Essential Christianity - Heaven and Hell

We've pretty much hit all of the high spots by now. We've covered the Gospel -- "What must I do to be saved?" -- and the basics of that process. We've examined the other necessary components that form the structure of Christianity, those key pieces without which the building will not stand:

1. Scripture is key. It is the inerrant, infallible word of God that He breathed for select men to write His thoughts in order to give us a firm foundation. Without it we're just making guesses.

2. God is the primary point in Christianity. He is the reason. He is One, not multiple. He is a Trinity, which is not three gods or three modes, but one God in three persons, coequal, coexistent, distinct but not separate. Above all else, He is Holy.

3. Man is the primary problem in Christianity. We were made in God's image, but we are fallen and without hope. We stand convicted of Cosmic Treason against a Holy God and are in dire need of help.

4. Christ is God's answer to our problem. Jesus lived a sinless life, died on our behalf, and rose again. He was fully Man and fully God and fully real. There is no other answer available but faith in Jesus, the Christ, alone.

5. The Church is the Body of Christ, the Temple built of "living stones", necessary for believers. It is the gathering of the saints, those set apart by God, for the purpose of building one another up toward maturity.

6. Justification is by grace through faith in Christ. It is the imputation of our sin to Christ in return for the imputation of His righteousness to us. It is not earned, merited, or achieved. None of these are within the ability of Man to obtain. It is declared by God.

7. Sanctification is the necessary process by which God's saved children are transformed, changed necessarily through the leading and discipline of God in His own.

8. Glorification is the endgame, the final outcome. It is at the return of Christ in which our bodies are resurrected and transformed and we will be finally and completely joined to Christ.

There is one other concept that must be stated here simply because it has been refuted too often. It must be stated because it is essential. If it is not true, neither is Christianity. Hopefully by outlining these essentials you can see why it must be true or no Christianity.

Given that Scripture is clear on this and that God is Holy, given that Man is sinful and Christ is the only answer, given that justification is required and glorification is the end, there are two truths that must be true if any of this is to matter. These two are two sides of the same coin. They are the certainty of Hell for those who are not saved and the certainty of Heaven for those who are.

The Bible isn't even slightly hesitant or vague here. Jesus spoke repeatedly of eternal torment (Luke 16:28) and the fire that never goes out (Mark 9:47-48) for those who don't repent. It is the just reward for those who are not justified -- made right. Now, we can dispute over terms -- "Sheol" as the place of the dead or "Hades" as the eternal place of torment -- but we cannot avoid the reality of such a place. We can debate about the environment. Is it actual fire and physical torment, or something else? But we cannot avoid the fact that eternal torment is in view. Hell is not a story manufactured by mean-spirited folk intent on scaring people into being good. It is the correct, righteous outcome for those who intentionally violate the commands of the Most High. Anything less is not justice. Any claim to anything less is a failure to grasp the fundamental problem and magnitude of sin.

And the Bible isn't unclear about the outcome for believers. It is glorification, to be sure. But in that there is the certainty of a "new heaven and a new earth" (Rev 21:1). Jesus will reign among us (Rev 21:3). It will be a place of bliss where "He will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death shall be no more, neither shall there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain anymore, for the former things have passed away" (Rev 21:4). A real Heaven.

Some have argued, mostly recently, that Hell is not a real place. There is no place of eternal torment. This serves to delete Scripture as a viable source and to mitigate sin as a genuine problem. In the end, Christ's death becomes pointless, unnecessary, if Hell is not real. Equally, all God's promises to His own are erased if Heaven is not a real place. Not a place with clouds and harps, but a place of joy where we are joined to Christ without sin or pain. Remove either of these, and you remove Christianity. But, oh, with all of these together, what a wonderful faith we enjoy!

Since we have a great priest over the house of God, let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, with our hearts sprinkled clean from an evil conscience and our bodies washed with pure water. Let us hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering, for he who promised is faithful. And let us consider how to stir up one another to love and good works, not neglecting to meet together, as is the habit of some, but encouraging one another, and all the more as you see the Day drawing near (Heb 10:21-25).

Essential Christianity - Glorification

We've looked at justification by grace through faith in Christ and then at sanctification, the work of God in His people to conform them to the image of His Son. The final step is what is referred to as glorification.

The term comes from the reference in Romans 8.

We know that God causes all things to work together for good to those who love God, to those who are called according to His purpose. For those whom He foreknew, He also predestined to become conformed to the image of His Son, so that He would be the firstborn among many brethren; and these whom He predestined, He also called; and these whom He called, He also justified; and these whom He justified, He also glorified. (Rom 8:28-30).

That last term is in view here. It is a certainty. Those whom He called ... He also glorified. No doubt. No contingencies. No question. But ... what is it?

Glorification refers to the end of the story. What happens to the believer in the final outcome? Part of that story is "the hope of eternal life" (Titus 3:7). Another is what theologians refer to as "the Beatific Vision", of which John wrote when he said, "Beloved, we are God's children now, and what we will be has not yet appeared; but we know that when He appears we shall be like Him, because we shall see Him as He is" (1 John 3:2). It is the final step, the last transformation, that ultimate union between believers and Christ. We will be changed. New bodies. New beings. No longer capable of sin.

This glorification is based on Christ's return. This is what is referred to as eschatology, the study of last things. There is a lot of disagreement within Christianity about the details of eschatology. Will there be a "Rapture" or won't there? When will that Rapture occur? Will there be a literal 1,000 year millenial reign or won't there? How literal is Revelation? Oh, lots and lots of questions. But there are a few certainties about which there is no disagreement. One fundamental fact is that Christ will return. He promised it. He will do it. End of question.

In Christ's return, Christians will have their final change (1 Thess 4:16-17). At that point, we are told, our bodies will be raised. Christianity does not teach that our spirits are imprisoned in some sense in our bodies and, in the end, we'll be free from them (1 Cor 15:22-23). No, our bodies will be raised.

Behold! I tell you a mystery. We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we shall be changed. For this perishable body must put on the imperishable, and this mortal body must put on immortality (1 Cor 15:51-53).

Glorification refers to that moment at Christ's return when we will be changed, when we will see Him as He is and be like Him. We will no longer be capable of sin, no longer be capable of sadness. We will be in perfect union with Him and not merely as disembodied spirits, but as physical beings in glorified bodies (Phil 3:20-21).

Saved from wrath is a good thing. Saved by grace through faith is wonderful. Imputed righteousness is great. Being transformed into the image of Christ is marvelous. But it is this final step at the return of our Savior that the entire story is culminated. It is the final outome of God's perfect plan. It is part of the basic essence of Christianity.

Essential Christianity - Sanctification

Christianity includes three basic steps. There is, first, justification. That is where our sin is imputed to Christ, His righteousness is imputed to us, and we are declared just by God. Second comes sanctification. This is the process by which we are shaped into the image of Christ. The final step is called glorification. We'll get to that one later.

There are some who argue that once you're saved, your saved. Nothing more needs to occur. No big deal. This is probably a warm, fuzzy idea, but it isn't biblical. It is, in fact, counter-biblical. Justification by grace through faith in Christ alone is the necessary starting point, but it is inevitable that sanctification follows. Sanctification is the progressive work of God on the believer. It begins at justification and continues until Heaven.

Paul refers to this process when he commands, "Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewal of your mind, that by testing you may discern what is the will of God, what is good and acceptable and perfect" (Rom 12:2). James wrote, "What good is it, my brothers, if someone says he has faith but does not have works? Can that faith save him? Faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead" (James 2:14, 17). John wrote, "No one born of God makes a practice of sinning, for God's seed abides in him, and he cannot keep on sinning because he has been born of God" (1 John 3:9).

Sanctification is the work of God (Phil 2:13) in which God progressively disciplines us (Heb 12:3-11) and directs us to more and more likeness to His Son (Rom 8:29). It is the place where we learn more and more obedience (John 14:15). The more we cooperate with God in this effort (Phil 2:12), the better it goes, but this process will occur. "If you are left without discipline, in which all have participated, then you are illegitimate children and not sons" (Heb 12:8).

Some will try to tell you that once you're saved, you're always saved and any demand for "evidence" or "works" is wrong. The Bible says that the Father destined us to be conformed to the image of His Son (Rom 8:29) and disciplines us toward that end. He saved us for good works (Eph 2:10). It isn't a possible process; it is a sure one. We are not saved simply to avoid wrath, but to be thoroughly connected to and reflective of the Son. That's the essence of sanctification.

Essential Christianity - Justification

Okay, so far we know that our basis is a reliable Bible breathed by God through men of His choosing by which we can now grasp the truth of Christianity. No Bible; no Christianity. Without it, we're just making guesses and offering opinions. We know that God is the central point. He is, above all else, holy, set apart, other than we are. He is One, not plural. He is a Trinity, One God in three persons, coequal, distinct, but not separate. And He has a unique nature. We also know something about Man's nature. He is, first, made in the image of God, and that's good. But, since Adam, Man has also retained the sin nature. We sin because we are sinners by nature. And that's a problem. A big problem. And it was just as much a problem to God as it was to us, since God's nature -- His Holiness and Justice -- demanded payment for, not simple dismissal of, the transgression. The answer to this really big problem is the person and character of Jesus Christ. He is the second person of the Trinity, God the Son. He became actual flesh, lived a sinless life, died on our behalf, and rose again. He paid the price for all of us. He is the only answer to our sin problem, and He is a complete answer. That's what we know so far.

So, the next essential to consider is how, exactly, this solution is applied to our problem. We asked the question way back at the beginning, "What must I do to be saved?" We answered it with the simple requirement of faith, and explained further just in whom that faith must be placed, but the question still hangs there. So, believing in the Lord Jesus Christ is required, but how does that provide salvation? What is the answer to the problem of sin?

The answer is justification. It's a fancy theological term for a simple concept. We need to be made right. However, there are two aspects to this term that need to be applied. First, the debt has to be erased. We have to be made clean. But being clean is only the first step. It is the removal of the dirt. But the demands of righteousness are not merely cleanliness, but righteousness. We have to have sin removed and righteousness applied. And that isn't something that we can accomplish. The idea in Scripture is that justification is by grace through faith in Christ.

First rule: Justification is by faith. Abundantly clear in the pages of Scripture is the simple and quite stunning fact that we are not justified by being good. This is one of those "standalone" areas for Christianity. While every other religion holds that you be good and then you go to heaven, Christianity alone holds that you are justified by faith. This was the Old Testament principle. It is the New Testament principle. It is the absolute hinge pin of Christianity. It was stated way back in Abraham's day when it says, "Then he (Abraham) believed in the LORD; and He reckoned it to him as righteousness" (Gen 15:6). There it is in plain language. "Believe" = "righteousness". Note how that righteousness is received: "reckoned". That's the concept. So, "by grace you have been saved through faith; and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God; not as a result of works, so that no one may boast" (Eph 2:8-9). That's the principle. By faith; not of works.

Second rule: Justification is by grace. The biblical definition of "grace" is somewhat unique to Christianity. While the idea is "favor", it includes a descriptive that is not the usual. Biblical grace refers to unmerited favor. "If it is by grace, it is no longer on the basis of works, otherwise grace is no longer grace" (Rom 11:6). Salvation by grace -- favor apart from personal merit -- is essential.

And, of course, as already indicated, that grace comes from Christ on the basis of faith in Christ. In no sense is this justification obtained by our own efforts, on our own merits, or based on anything other than Christ.

There is in all of this talk about justification a concept of singular importance. It is called "imputation". The idea is found there in the reference to Abraham in Genesis. Righteousness wasn't earned; it was "reckoned" on the basis of faith. So, God "made Him (Christ) who knew no sin to be sin on our behalf, so that we might become the righteousness of God in Him" (2 Cor 5:21). That's the idea. In Christianity, our sin was imputed to Christ on the cross, leaving our slate clean, and, in return, His righteousness was imputed to us on the basis of faith, leaving us righteous.

The formula is complete. The conditions are met. The answer is there. What must I do to be saved? Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ. How does that save? It applies my sin to Christ and applies His righteousness to me. All of this -- justification -- is accomplished not on the basis of works, not on the basis of merit, and not on anything in me. That is justification by grace through faith in Christ. It is unique to Christianity and absolutely essential, a key structure necessary for Christianity to stand.

Essential Christianity - the Church

Jesus, God Incarnate, came to earth for several reasons. He came to seek and to save the lost (Luke 19:10). He came to bear witness to the truth (John 18:37). And He came to "build My Church" (Matt 16:18). Most people equate "Christianity" with "church". So ... what exactly is it? More importantly, what is essential about it?

The Bible refers to the Church as the Body of Christ (1 Cor 12:27). It is constructed of people, "living stones" (1 Peter 2:5). Christians comprise the "Temple" of God where an earthly, stone version once existed (1 Cor 3:6). This "Temple", this "Body" is, as a unit, Christ's representative on earth. This Temple breaches time and crosses from present through the past to the beginning of Christianity. It is made up of saints -- those made righteous by Christ -- from all time and for all time. Thus, this Church (with a capital "C") is much bigger than the visible buildings we often equate with the term, "church".

Beyond this, the Church (capital "C") is designed to be comprised of local churches (lowercase "c"), local groups of believers who gather together for the purpose of the building up of the saints to maturity (Eph 4:11-14). We are warned not to forsake that gathering (Heb 10:25). The Church, then, is the Body of Christ, seen and unseen, while the church is the local body of believers who gather to build one another up in the faith and to encourage one another in God's work. (Note, by the way, that Scripture is abundantly clear that while the Church is all saints for all time, the church will be made up of genuine believers and false believers, what Jesus referred to as "tares" (Matt 13:24-30). Expect it.)

The Bible offers a structure for the church. Of course, the starting point is Christ as the head, but beyond that the Bible includes two "offices": Elders and Deacons. (It was, in fact, the reason that Paul sent Titus to Crete (Titus 1:5).) These comprise the local church leadership. Elders (overseers, bishops, shepherds) are to lead the church spiritually, and deacons are called to lead the church structurally. For the qualifications of these two offices, see 1 Tim 3:1-13 and Titus 1:6-9.

The most interesting aspect of the biblical version of "Church" is this "Body" image. Paul likens the Church to the human body in terms of spiritual gifts (1 Cor 12:4-27). Each has a function. Not all functions are the same. All functions are necessary. All functions are valuable. No one has no function. The functions are determined by the Holy Spirit (leaving no room for arrogance or apathy).

Connected to this concept of the Body is the concept of the Bride. The Church is referred to as the Bride of Christ. This is not to say that each and every one of us is "married to Christ". It is a reference to Christ's intimacy with the Body, the corporate Church. She is subservient to Him. He loves her. The final union of the Church to Christ is yet to come.

There are lots of details in here. What exactly do the qualifications for elder and deacon mean? Are there female deacons or not? Are the "magical" gifts still in effect or are they past? What exactly should we do when we gather? Lots and lots of questions that are open for discussion. I'm not trying to minimize any of that, nor provide hard positions where there are none taken by the Bible. I'm just offering the essentials. No Body of Christ, no Christianity. No Church, no Christianity. No corporate connection to Christ, no Christianity. The church is one necessary component of Christianity -- our need to be in it, and to be part of it. Whatever else can be decided, this is certain.

Essential Christianity - Jesus Christ

Yeah, yeah, I know, you'd think with a name like "Christianity" I'd have come to the nature of Christ a long time ago. Well, we're there now. I didn't get to this point until now because we needed first to establish Scripture as our basis and the nature of God as Trinity. I threw in the Nature of Man before this just so we would be reminded of why the good news is good news. So what about Christ is essential to Christianity?

The very first thing about Jesus that must be believed is that He is real. A belief in a spiritual Jesus or a mythical Jesus doesn't count. If there was no Jesus, there was no solution to Man's sin problem. A spiritual or mythical Jesus provides no answers. Jesus, then, is a historical man who lived and died in Israel 2000 some odd years ago. Absolutely essential.

But that's just the start. The Bible obviously argues that He was a real person, that He lived, and that He died, but it also argues that He rose from the dead three days after His death. He physically rose from the dead. He was present in our world, performed human interactions with our world like talking and eating and touching, and was seen by multiple witnesses. In fact, the texts that make these arguments were written in the time of eyewitnesses who could have refuted them. Absolutely essential to Christianity is the fact that the Jesus who died on the cross and was buried actually, physically rose again three days later. Without that resurrection, Paul says, "We are of all men most to be pitied" (1 Cor 15:19). No, it's worse than that. "If Christ has not been raised, your faith is worthless; you are still in your sins" (1 Cor 15:17). Or, to put it another way, no resurrection, no Christianity. Simple as that.

The fundamental premise in Christ coming physically to our world, living, dying, and rising again is based on the fundamental principle of God as Just. You see, we stand -- each of us -- condemned of Treason of the highest degree against the Most High God. God, as Just and Holy, is not capable of simply dismissing the charges. It would violate His character, His nature. So justice is demanded. And that justice was the purpose of sending His only Son. What, then, is required for this justice to be served and to benefit us?

First, Jesus had to be human. A human being was required to pay the price for human sin. Jesus, then, was human indeed. Second, in order for this price to be paid on behalf of another -- any other -- Jesus Himself could not have had to owe such a price. Thus, Jesus would have to have been without sin. The Bible says He was "One who has been tempted in all things as we are, yet without sin" (Heb 4:15). Tested by sin, but never succumbed to it. He had to be perfect. Third, He had to be more than merely human. You see, if one man is going to pay the price for one other man, that man would have to not owe the price -- sinless -- but he couldn't pay for more than one. In order for Christ to pay the debt for more than one, He would have to be more than Man. Thus, it is absolutely essential to your salvation and to Christianity, despite all who argue otherwise, that Jesus was indeed God Incarnate, the Son of God, the Second Person of the Trinity. No other could accomplish the payment in full of the debt of mankind to God.

One other factor is essential here, based around these facts. If Jesus is the only person -- God and Man, sinless, lived, died, and rose again -- to have accomplished this process of paying for the sin problem of Mankind, then it stands to reason that Jesus is the only answer. Jesus said, "I am the way, and the truth, and the life; no one comes to the Father but through Me" (John 14:6). There is no other available answer. There is no other way. It is not true, in the case of being saved from sin and God's just wrath, that all roads lead to Rome. There is salvation in no other (Acts 4:12). Many would like to tell you that Jesus is one of many ways. To hold to this "nice" view is popular, but in the end nullifies Jesus's own words and, ultimately, Christianity in its entirety. You just can't get around it. People don't like the claim to exclusivity, but it isn't merely the claim of Christians; it is the claim of Christ. Any other gospel is no gospel at all (Gal 1:6-9).

According to the Bible, Jesus's death and resurrection served as payment for our sin. With this payment, God "would be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus" (Rom 3:26). That was the point. That was the accomplishment. Some will try to tell you that Jesus was not human, but merely appeared human. Won't work. Some will tell you He was merely human and not actually divine. Won't work. Some will tell you that He was a good man, but not a perfect man -- no such man ever existed. Won't work. Some will tell you that He was one of many Sons of God. Won't work. Many will complain that the Christian claim of exclusivity is unfair and unwarranted. Won't work. Change any of these components, and you destroy the basis and structure of Christianity.

Essential Christianity - The Nature of Man

I already indicated that absolutely essential to becoming a Christian is the need to recognize the need for a Savior. We call it the "sin condition". Fine. If you don't have a sin problem, you don't need Christ. Simple as that. But there is more to the Nature of Man that, while not necessary to becoming a Christian, is essential to Christianity.

Christianity stands in stark opposition to the prevailing notion of the world that people are generally good. So stark is this opposition that it becomes not merely opposition, but actually opposite. Remembering that the first essential component of Christianity is the Scriptures, let's look at what God's Word has to say about the nature of Man.

According to the Bible, God doesn't have a lot of good things to say about Natural Man. Adam, the first Man, was created "good" (Gen 1:31). He was made with the ability to choose to do good and with the ability to choose not to. In this, he only had one bad choice he could make. God commanded "Don't eat of the tree" and that was the only possible bad choice Adam could make. And, of course, he made it. After that, the Bible says, "just as sin came into the world through one man, and death through sin, and so death spread to all men because all sinned" (Rom 5:12). Indeed, the Bible says of Natural Man that "the intention of man's heart is evil from his youth" (Gen 8:21), that he is "dead in sin" (Eph 2:1), "blinded by the god of this world" (2 Cor 4:4), and worse. He isn't basically good. He is unrighteous (Rom 3:10), hostile to God (Rom 8:7), prone to supressing the truth (Rom 1:18), and not doing any good at all (Rom 3:12). Man is, at his core, evil. He doesn't merely do evil. He doesn't, out of his basic nature, have the ability to choose to do good. David wrote, "Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me" (Psa 51:5). That is, since Adam this has been the condition of all humans born (with the sole exception of Christ, but that will come later.) It isn't an acquired condition; it is a birth condition. We're not sinners because we sin. We sin because we're sinners. It's in our nature.

This concept is called "Original Sin" by the theologians. It refers to the sin nature. It refers to the fact that Man, on the inside, is inclined only to evil from birth and it is only the intervention of God that prevents him from being as bad as he possibly can be.

Recovering from this condition is outside of the capabilities of the human being. We serve the creature rather than the Creator (Rom 1:25). We cannot comprehend spiritual things (1 Cor 2:14). Our hearts -- that innermost being -- are so deceitful and desperately wicked that we cannot even comprehend it (Jer 17:9). Absolutely essential, then, to Christianity is the fact that human beings are rotten at their core and no amount of self help will solve that problem. Without this grave problem, there is no need for the Gospel -- the good news. And the more serious that you see this problem is, the bigger that good news becomes.

There is another aspect to the Nature of Man that is fundamental to Christianity. It is stated at the outset. "God said, 'Let Us make man in Our image, after Our likeness'" (Gen 1:26). Human beings are unique among creation in that we alone are made in the image of God. This gives an intrinsic value to human beings that no other creation has. Because of this particular aspect, God commands, "Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed, for God made man in His own image" (Gen 9:6). We have tarnished that image by our sin condition, but God still demands that we are to recognize that we are made in His image and we are to honor that image. It is the basis of human rights endowed by the Creator. And it is essential to Christianity.

Thus, two fundamental essentials to Christianity are these two facts. We are made in the image of God and, as such, have an applied value given by God. That informs such necessary concepts as murder and abortion. And we are, from birth, inclined to sin. That makes the Gospel such good news, the death and resurrection of Christ so glorious, and the lies of the world around us that say otherwise so devious.

Essential Christianity - God

We know that the necessary belief to enter Christianity is a belief in "the Lord Jesus Christ" with all that includes. Thus, an obvious essential belief for Christianity is a belief in God. At the outset, that is sufficient. But there are, within that belief, some further necessary components that must be included in order for it to be called "Christianity" and not something else.

First and perhaps most obvious, we must remember that God is one. God repeatedly reminds us that He is the only one (Deut 4:35, 39; 1 Kings 8:60; Isa 45:5, 6, 16, 18, 22; Mark 12:32). Fundamental to Christianity is monotheism. He is the only one. He isn't like any other. Any claim to the contrary is a claim to the contrary, a denial of this foundational claim about the God of Christianity.

The Bible claims that "what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. For His invisible attributes, namely, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse" (Rom 1:19-20). God is visible in His creation. And the Bible is clear that God has a clearly overarching characteristic in His divine nature: holiness.

The Bible claims for God a unique version of this attribute. Not once but twice the Bible claims that God is not just holy, but He is "holy, holy, holy" (Isa 6:3; Rev 4:8). This repetition isn't merely stylistic. It is a Hebraism that raises the power of the term from simply "holy" to "holy, holier, holiest" or, perhaps in an English version, "holy, holy, holy!" It defines God in very special ways. This "holy" means that He is above all evil. He isn't touched by it. He is set apart from sin. But beyond that, He is set apart from everything. He is ... not "us". He is separate. There is no one like God (Exo 15:11; 2 Sam 7:22; Micah 7:18). We are in His image, but He is not like us (Psa 50:21). Any attempt, then, to bring God down to our size is a mistake, a failure to grasp the holiness of God. This holiness of God is basic to Christianity. Any God offered in the arena of beliefs that is not holy, that is not pure, that is not set apart from sin, that is not above and beyond humanity is not the God of Christianity.

Another theme running throughout the Bible is the trinitarian nature of God. God is one, but He is one in three persons -- the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. By "persons" we mean more like "faces" rather than three gods. We are not tritheists -- three gods -- nor are we modalists. Modalists argue that God exists in three forms, one at a time. In the Old Testament He was YHWH, Jehovah. In the Gospels He was Jesus. Today He is the Holy Spirit. This is error (and incapable of being maintained either by Scripture or by reason). God is a Trinity, three Persons of one essence. The Bible has massive amounts of references to God as Trinity (without using the word). Father, Son, and Spirit are coexisting (existing at the same time), coequal, distinct, but not separate. God as Triune is basic to Christianity. What I'm saying here is that the belief in the Trinity is essential to Christianity; a full understanding of that Trinity is not. Remember, God is holy, holy, holy, which means, among other things, set apart in ways we cannot fathom. The finite cannot fully grasp the infinite. So belief in His nature as three in one is essential, but a full understanding of that nature is not.

There are many more basic attributes of God that are clear in Scripture and necessary in our agreement about the God we hold as the one God of Christianity. He is Sovereign and Omnipotent, Omniscient, and Omnipresent. He is love and He is good -- perfect. God is transcendent -- above all -- and imminent -- present with us. He is spirit, not simply physical like us. He is self-existent (something no created thing can claim). He is immutable (a necessary attribute given His omnipotence, omniscience, and omnipresence); He cannot change.

In summary, then, absolutely essential to Christianity is the belief in God. He is one and only. A "god among many" may be a popular belief among various religions, even some claiming to be "Christian", but this is not compatible with Scripture nor with Christianity. He is Holy. Not merely "holy" -- separate from sin -- but "Holy, Holy, Holy", set apart, above all, not like us. He is a Triune God, of one essence and three Persons -- Father, Son, and Holy Spirit -- who coexist, are coequal, are distinct but not separate. And He maintains attributes, some of which we humans can reflect like love and goodness and some which only He possesses like Omniscience and Immutability. This God is one of a kind. This God is found in Christianity alone. This God is essential, without which you don't have Christianity at all.

Essential Christianity - Step One

So far I've covered what it takes to become a Christian. Someone sees the house that is Christianity and asks, "How do I get in?" I've given the basic beliefs necessary to get in that door. There is, first, the recognition of the need -- the sin condition -- and, second, the person and work of Jesus. It is a specific Jesus here. He lived and died and rose again. He died for our sins (necessary for solving the "sin condition" problem) and He rose from the dead. Placing one's faith in that Jesus is necessary for entering the house we call "Christianity". That would be "essential Christianity" if the question is "What must I do to be saved?" And now we move on from here.

The next question is regarding the primary structure of this "house". What is it made of? What holds it up? You see, in every structure there are necessary components and there are ... decorative components. Sticking with my house metaphor, there are foundations and "load-bearing beams" and just stuff put up for convenience or comfort. What we're looking at from here on out are the necessary components, the parts without which the house will not stand. Essential Christianity.

This "house" metaphor isn't my own. The Bible uses it, too. Paul refers to Christians as "members of the household of God" which, he goes on to say, are "built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus Himself being the cornerstone" (Eph 2:19-20). So, at the outset, it is clear that our "house" called "Christianity" has a foundation of "the apostles and prophets" with Christ as the cornerstone. (Don't I have a clever way with words?)

The cornerstone of a building is key. It is the starting point. For the Church, that would be Christ. It is the defining point. It stakes the location in a certain point and it provides direction for the entire building. Placed first, this cornerstone indicates where the foundation begins and which way the walls run. As the cornerstone defines the building, Jesus defines Christianity. And in other places Christ Himself is our foundation, so we'll need to spend time there.

But there is this foundation, the part laid after the cornerstone is laid and the building is defined but before the building is built. The foundation is the base on which the building stands. And Paul indicates that the base of the building of Christianity is "the apostles and prophets". What is that to us?

The reference to the apostles and prophets is a reference to biblical history. It goes back to the beginning and calls up every single messenger sent by God to Man. It includes the Apostles (capital "A") who were specially called by Christ as disciples in His day and commissioned by Him to carry out His continued work. These, of course, are no longer alive today. So what is our foundation today? The foundation of the building we call Christianity, then, is the Word of God, the Scriptures, the Bible.

The Bible we have today is a translation of original texts that are, of a necessity, God-breathed (2 Tim 3:16-17). They were not merely "inspired" as we might use the term today, but actually breathed by the Holy Spirit to His authorized messengers who, in their own words and under the supervision of the Spirit, wrote down what God wanted His people to know. As such, these texts were infallible -- could not be wrong -- and inerrant -- had no mistakes. The Bible is the only source of authority in matters of faith and practice for Christianity. If it is true that the foundation of the Church is the apostles and prophets, this position of the authority and reliability of Scripture is not negotiable. It is essential. Those who argue otherwise only end up arguing to tear up the foundation on which Christianity stands. Remove the authority and/or reliability of the Bible, and you remove any genuine authority or reliability in and of Christianity at all. It isn't a point of discussion. It is an absolute necessity. Just as a house without a foundation cannot stand, Christianity without the proven Word of God (Prov 30:5) cannot stand.

There are arguments for the reliability of Scripture. They are not a few. They are multiple. They offer answers to skeptics. They give reasons to believe that the Bible is indeed the infallible, inerrant Word of God. I'm not offering any of them here (except, obviously, to link to a few). My aim here is not to prove the claim, but to list the essentials of Christianity without which Christianity will not stand. What, as a believer, must a person affirm to continue in Christianity? First and foremost -- step one, so to speak -- there must be an authoritative source upon which to base all these claims of Christ and Christianity. That source is the Bible, God's tried and tested Word. With it, we can confirm or deny the rest. Without it, we have nothing but conjecture. The first essential Christian belief, then, is the reliability of Scripture which serves as the foundation of Christianity.

Essential Christianity - The Gospel

I offered Paul's response to the Philippian jailer's question, "What must I do to be saved?", as a bare-bones explanation of what you must believe in order to be saved. That's fine, perhaps, but probably not sufficiently clear. Perhaps we could go with Paul's formula for the Gospel:

Now I make known to you, brethren, the gospel which I preached to you, which also you received, in which also you stand, by which also you are saved, if you hold fast the word which I preached to you, unless you believed in vain. For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received, that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and that He was buried, and that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures, and that He appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve. After that He appeared to more than five hundred brethren at one time, most of whom remain until now, but some have fallen asleep; then He appeared to James, then to all the apostles; and last of all, as to one untimely born, He appeared to me also (1 Cor 5:1-8).

This is Paul's "Gospel", his "good news". This is his minimalist version, the necessary items. But first it is absolutely essential to realize one fact of key importance. What makes it "good news"? Without that starting point, the rest makes no sense. And that starting point was in the Philippian jailer's question (whether or not he actually intended it). "What must I do to be saved?" requires the need to be saved. It first requires the recognition that there is a problem that needs to be addressed. And that problem is sin. Start there.

Having acknowledged our failure to measure up to God's demands and our inability to fix it, now we're ready for good news, the Gospel. And what is that good news?

1) Christ died for our sins.
2) That death was "according to the Scriptures".
3) He really died (not spiritually or figuratively or ...), evidenced by the fact that He was buried.
4) He rose again. That resurrection wasn't spiritual or mythological, but genuine, as evidenced by the many who actually saw Him.

Now, take any single component of that away, and you'll find that you no longer have a Gospel. His death had to be genuine. It had to be the specific one foretold in the Scripture. Or this was not the Messiah, not the Jesus in whom we need to trust. His death had to have the singular purpose of paying for our sins. Some have argued that He simply gave an example. That's not sufficient to retain the "good news". We are in a sin condition, remember? Without proper payment, that sin condition isn't remedied. He had to die for our sins. He had to be buried. That, of course, is key to the "according to the Scriptures" claim. And He had to rise again from the dead. Buy into a real Jesus who really died and even died for your sin, and you've got a decent thing going, but not ultimately good news because, as Paul points out later in the chapter, if He never rose again, there is no victory over death (which, by the way, is the singular result of the sin problem we are trying to remedy), and any faith in that Jesus is in vain. No, He had to rise again, genuinely, physically, with witnesses.

There you have it. "What must I do to be saved?" "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ." That faith is premised on the need of a sinner incapable of saving him or herself. It is confidence placed in the historical Jesus, the Jewish Messiah, the Master. It is faith that He died for our sins, really died, really was buried, and actually, physically came back to life three days later according to a large number of genuine witnesses. These are the essential beliefs required for a person to cross over from "unbeliever" to "believer", to go from "non-Christian" to "Christian". Anything less is not saving faith.

Essential Christianity - What Makes a Christian

There are, in our world, two categories of people. There are those who are Christians and there are those who are not. Before proceeding with the question of what doctrines are essential to Christianity, we must first figure out what makes a Christian. Or, in the words of the Philippian jailer, "What must I do to be saved?" Clearly what makes a Christian is not the same thing as that of what Christianity is constructed. Just as a door is the way into a house, the house still has necessary structures not necessary for entering but necessary for holding it together. So what is the door?

We might draw our answer from that very jailer's question. Paul gave an answer that should be sufficient. The problem, of course, is that we run the risk of taking it too lightly. So what was Paul's answer? "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ and you shall be saved" (Acts 16:31). Easy, right? "Believe!" End of story. But be careful. If you conclude that "believe" is the end of the story, you weren't paying attention. You see, "believe in Jesus" is not sufficient cause for salvation. Someone told me, "I believe in Jesus" and went on to qualify it with "my Mexican gardener." Humor, of course, but you see the point. Yes, we need to believe, but believe in what? Not just any Jesus. So who is it in whom we must place our faith in order to be saved?

The text says "the Lord Jesus Christ". Each word is significant. The first is "the", indicating "the one and only." "There is there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved" (Acts 4:12). First, then, is the necessary belief that there is no other. One way. Not a way, but only one.

Who is that one way? That would be Jesus. Well, we're clear on that, aren't we? Perhaps. There are, however, those who claim to be Christians without believing that any such person ever existed. Jesus was a historical person. He was the son of Mary. He grew up in Nazareth. He was a carpenter. That Jesus. No other. Nor was He a fictional character, a myth, a story. He was a real person, and if you aren't convinced it is a real person in which you are placing your faith, you aren't going to be saved.

And there are other people who claim that He was someone else. He was a prophet or one of many sons of God. That's not the same Jesus. That's some other Jesus. No, this one is specific, and no other will do. He was born, the only Son of God, lived in Israel until He was crucified, was buried and rose again. All of this is necessary. This is the "Jesus" in view, and no other will do.

Of course, we all know that Jesus was His first name and Christ was His last, right? No, of course not. Christ was not a name; it was a title. Jesus -- the One in whom you are placing your faith for salvation -- is the Jewish Messiah. He was the One foretold of old. He came as promised and will come again as promised as King. He was the Suffering Servant and will be the Triumphant King of kings. That Jesus. Jesus, the Christ. Not just the carpenter, but the promised Messiah.

And I've neatly danced around a very important term in the whole thing, haven't I? One other key descriptive from Paul is found in the second word of the phrase. It is "Lord". The Greek is kurios. It refers to the supreme authority, the controller, the master. The whole notion of placing your faith in a "Buddy Jesus" is not found here. The idea of trusting in a "laughing Jesus" isn't included. No, this Jesus, this Christ, in whom we are going to trust to provide salvation, is Lord. If you're not ready for a Master, you're not ready to be saved. All of this is found in the formula, "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ and you shall be saved."

Can you believe in another Jesus, a Jesus who isn't Lord, a Jesus who was a myth, a Jesus who was not the Jewish Messiah, some other Jesus, and be saved? No, absolutely essential to becoming a Christian is faith placed in this particular Jesus and no other. Essential.

Essential Christianity - Intro

There is a fairly famous phrase very often attributed to Augustine:

In essentials unity, in non-essentials liberty, in all things charity.

As it turns out, it wasn't likely Augustine. But, frankly, it doesn't really matter who said it. It appears to most of us to be a rather wise saying. We need to stand on certain absolute essentials. We need to discuss but not divide over non-essentials. And all of it needs to be done in biblical love. Right.

So we step out to find unity in essentials ... and discover we don't really know what they are or even what we mean when we say "essentials". Try it sometime. Discuss with someone what the essentials are in Christianity, and you'll likely end up with an endless discussion because we're not sure what we're talking about and, therefore, can't agree on what they are.

So let me start out by saying that we are generally talking about two different things when we talk about essentials. And that is why there is such disagreement. We're talking past each other. Here's how it will go.

"So, I think that one of the clear essentials of Christianity is the Trinity."

"What? Well, of course, the Trinity is important, but did the thief on the cross believe in the Trinity? How can it be essential?"

And without realizing it, we're talking about two different things. First, there are the essentials of becoming a Christian. What does it take to be a "Christian" instead of a "non-Christian"? If Christians are "believers" set apart from "unbelievers", what must be believed? But there is a second perspective. Beyond that first transition from "outside" to "inside", there is the structure called "Christianity". What are the essentials of that structure?

So, as it turns out, very often when we set out to discuss the essentials of the faith, we are talking about two different things. Imagine a house. The first question is "How do I get in?" The second question is "What is essential to the house?" And clearly these are not the same question. So it is understandable why we find such disagreement.

The problem, of course, is that they appear to be linked. The notion is "These are things you must believe and if you don't you aren't a Christian." This, unfortunately, fails to take into account the very life-like process of Christianity itself. To become a Christian, you must be "born again". There is a new birth. This implies infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood -- all the normal processes of any given life. The theological term for this process is "sanctification". And it is a process, not an event. What does a child need to know in order to be a child? Not much at the outset. Those essentials -- food, clothing, hygiene, etc. -- are provided by someone who knows. But if a child gets to be too old and doesn't know these essentials of human living, that person dies. So there are things required to be human and there are things required to maintain a human. There are things required to become a Christian and there are things required to maintain Christianity.

Given this, I think it is very important to figure out the Essentials of Christianity. It should be approached from both angles. What must I do to be saved? What are the absolutely necessary components that make up Christianity? Keep in mind, then, as we go through this that these are two different questions. It will make the trip much easier to handle.

What Makes Christianity? Summary

Jude was James's brother. He wrote a very short letter "to those who are called". If that's you, then it was written to you. His initial intent is quite clear: "Beloved, although I was very eager to write to you about our common salvation, I found it necessary to write appealing to you to contend for the faith that was once for all delivered to the saints" (Jude 1:3). "The faith that was once for all delivered to the saints" -- that is what Jude asks us to contend for. "Contend for the faith."

For the past several days I have been contending for the faith that was once for all delivered to the saints. I haven't been telling why these points were true. I've simply been outlining why they are necessary. If Christianity is to be a viable, valid religion, these doctrines must be true. Without them, Christianity either becomes just another religion among many or it evaporates entirely. (Note: Due to the repeated claims of exclusivity in the Bible, if Christianity is relegated to "just another religion among many", then it is nullified.) What doctrines did I list as essential? In what I consider a somewhat logical order:

1. The Inerrancy of Scripture
2. The Sinfulness of Man
3. The Atonement
4. The Trinity
5. The Resurrection of Christ

Other people might make their arguments about essentials. They may list more things. A popular one, for instance, is the Virgin Birth. I didn't list that one because, given the first point, the Virgin Birth is a necessary conclusion. (The Bible doesn't equivocate on the Virgin Birth. It's not up for debate whether or not the Bible teaches it. Remove it and you remove Item #1.) There are many things that are clear in the Bible, and they are unavoidable given the first point. And others might argue down a path that include other things (like the Second Coming, etc.). The things I listed I consider inviolable. The others are up to you.

Now, I, again, need to make it clear. When I say "essential to Christianity", I do not mean that in order to become a Christian you need to believe all these things. I am not saying that a person who does not have a clear understanding and agreement with, for instance, the mystery of the Trinity cannot be saved. These are not essential for salvation. They are essential for Christianity. They form the primary substance of Christianity. Without them, you have something that is not Christianity. And, if all believers have the same Holy Spirit dwelling in them (as the inerrant Scripture says we do), then it stands to reason that all believers would come to the same conclusion regarding these doctrines when presented with them. We would, then, all stand in agreement on these key issues, not as a condition of salvation, but as a result of salvation.

There are many things in Scripture that are abundantly clear. It's not up for debate. There are other things that are questions in the minds of many. We can argue about premil/post-mil/amil stuff. There is room for discussion on election or modes of baptism or the like. We can debate whether or not the gifts of the Spirit are still in effect. These are not essentials. There is lots of room for discussion, and in these matters we ought to be charitable to each other. But on the basic structures that make Christianity Christianity, there is no room for disagreement. Without those we ought to simply surrender the faith as null and void. No, on those we ought to be united. They are essential.

What Makes Christianity? The Resurrection

This is entry #5 in this series on the doctrines that make Christianity what it is. Admitting that Christianity is a religion among many, I asked, "What makes Christianity unique?" All religions claim that they know the way. Most religions claim to be the only way. There are many beliefs in Christianity that make it unusual, but the really distinctive belief in Christianity is encompassed in this phrase: "Saved by grace through faith in Christ." All other religions offer a works-based method of getting to heaven (or their equivalent). Christianity stands alone in a grace-based salvation apart from works.

Thus far, then, I've explained why it is that we must have a reliable source document for Christianity to be a valid religion. Without a God-breathed (and therefore infallible) Bible, Christianity itself is merely a matter of opinion and your opinion is as good as mine. In other words -- no inerrant Bible, no truth. Secondly, the offer of salvation requires a need for salvation. Thus, the second necessary doctrine is the doctrine of sin. Man is sinful at his core meaning that he has no means within himself to fix the problem or pay the debt. Eliminate that doctrine and Christianity is nullified. Given Man's condition, the next necessary doctrine is the Atonement. If God is just, He requires payment for sin. The only means of that payment being made is either eternal separation from God or someone paying it on our behalf. Enter the Atonement. The doctrine requires first that a man live a sinless life so that the payment made is not on his own behalf, and second that he be more than Man in order to have that payment apply to more than a single man. This leads to the inevitable doctrine of the Trinity -- a triune God who is Father, Son, and Spirit. None of these doctrines can be mitigated without destroying Christianity's core.

One of the most unique things about Christianity is the Resurrection. This doctrine stands out as an obvious problem to skeptics and detractors. I mean, if, indeed, someone rose from the dead by His own power, you have a unique situation here. Thus, the concept has been under fire since the beginning. The religious leaders of the day told the guards to lie about it (Matt 28:11-15). In our day cynics and religious leaders alike deny it. There are even some who are called "pastors" in "Christian churches" who deny the Resurrection. Some scholars gathered as a group called "the Jesus Seminar" and bravely denied the Resurrection. Some say that it's a truth, but not a necessary truth. That is, it's not essential to Christianity. So what is my best argument on this essential?

Now, thus far I've used Scripture and reasoning to explain why it is that the doctrines I've been holding that are essential to Christianity. This one -- the Resurrection -- is an easy one because Scripture alone makes the argument. I don't need a logical argument here. Here's what the Bible says.

¹² Now if Christ is proclaimed as raised from the dead, how can some of you say that there is no resurrection of the dead? ¹³ But if there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised. ¹⁴ And if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain and your faith is in vain. ¹⁵ We are even found to be misrepresenting God, because we testified about God that he raised Christ, whom he did not raise if it is true that the dead are not raised. ¹⁶ For if the dead are not raised, not even Christ has been raised. ¹⁷ And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile and you are still in your sins. ¹⁸ Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished. ¹⁹ If in Christ we have hope in this life only, we are of all people most to be pitied. ²⁰ But in fact Christ has been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep. ²¹ For as by a man came death, by a man has come also the resurrection of the dead. ²² For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive (1 Cor 15:12-22).

Paul addresses the very question we are. How important is the Resurrection of Christ? Some in his day denied it. Paul takes their argument at face value and follows it down the logical path. If there is no resurrection, then Christ didn't rise. If Christ didn't rise, then we're liars, our preaching is vain, our faith is futile, and there is no forgiveness of sins. "We are," Paul concludes, "of all people most to be pitied." On the other hand, if Christ was raised from the dead, then we have hope. Being dead ourselves (in Adam), we have confidence of defeating death (in Christ).

This is an easy argument to make because the Bible makes the argument. You can research the evidence for the Resurrection, and you ought to. You can make the arguments that support the truth of the Resurrection, and you ought to. But one thing that we cannot do is offer this doctrine as "optional". Without this essential doctrine, there is no salvation, Christianity has no meaning, and we're all lost.

What Makes Christianity? The Trinity

Here's a recap so far. I am looking at what makes Christianity different than all other religions. The primary difference is the phrase, "saved by grace through faith in Christ". Having established that, I wanted to go through particular doctrines that would be necessary to maintain Christianity as a distinctive religion ... not just another among many. First I covered the inerrancy of Scripture and why it was necessary. Then we went through Man's Sin Condition -- his debt to God and his inability to repay it. From there we naturally went to the Atonement, the price Christ paid on our behalf to cover that debt. In that piece, however, I mentioned some of the conditions that would be required to make that payment valid. One was sinlessness. Another was that Christ would have to be more than a man for His payment to cover more than one man. Clearly this leads to another essential ingredient of Christianity. That is, if He was not more than a man, the payment wouldn't be valid and Christianity would be finished. So, what essential doctrine does this lead to?

Of much controversy is the doctrine of the Trinity. It shows up, in varying forms, on most lists of "essentials", but it is always under attack. Skeptics assure us that it's neither essential nor true. "It's not even in the Bible!" "Proponents" argue that it's true but not essential and then typically go on to describe a belief that is not the doctrine of the Trinity. Now, let me remind you, my goal is not to make arguments about what makes the doctrine true. The primary discussion here is about what makes it essential. Why is the doctrine of the Trinity essential to Christianity? Remember, we are looking at "saved by grace through faith in Christ." So, what part of this defining concept is modified or lost if the Trinity is modified or lost?

The part in question here is the last part: Christ. The premise of Christianity is that Christ alone can save. On what is that salvation based? Salvation is predicated on God being both just and justifier by providing His Son to pay for our sin. That payment could only cover one man's debt if Christ was only a man. Was He more? The Bible says so.

John presents an interesting, unavoidable concept. "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. The same was in the beginning with God" (John 1:1-2). Here we have "the Word". Whatever else we may know about this "Word", we have two solid facts: 1) "The Word was with God", and 2) "The Word was God". Both are true. This "Word" was both God and in the presence of God. In other words, this Word is both deity and in the presence of deity. Now, since all of Christianity has always maintained monotheism -- only one God -- we have an interesting premise here. This Word is both with the one God and is the one God. Another thing we know about this "Word" -- it refers to Jesus Christ (John 1:14-17). Whatever else we have going on here, this gives us a "di-unity", two in one. Given the numbers of Scriptures that give a similar view of the Holy Spirit -- assigning to the Holy Spirit attributes of God -- we're left with a tri-unity, a Trinity. Two things we know about this Trinity. 1) There is only one God, so all are God. 2) They are referenced individually and distinctly, so while they are not separate, they are all distinct. One in essence, three in persons. Despite what you may have heard, it is a unique concept. Other approaches have been things like tritheism which gives three gods (violating the first thing we know) or modalism which says that one God was first Father, then Son, then Spirit, violating the "with God" concept. (If the Son was originally the Father, to whom was Jesus praying when He prayed to the Father, and who did Jesus promise to send if the Spirit was Himself? Makes no sense.)

In the Trinity, then, we have a cohesion with Scripture that doesn't work any other way. (Without the doctrine of the Trinity, for instance, you can make no sense of John 1:1-17.) In the Trinity, we have a specific, unique character of God that is different from any other religion. Finally, in the Trinity, we have a Son who is God. He was God from the beginning, He arrived on earth as God, and He is still God today. This person of the Godhood was the only one qualified to die for our sin. Think about that. While the doctrine of the Trinity maintains that there are three persons (personas) in the Godhood, only one was qualified to pay for our sin. He had to meet very specific criteria. He had to be human because it was a human debt. He had to be God because a human could only cover one debt. No one else -- no other human, not the Father and not the Spirit -- qualified for that role.

Some people debate the Trinity. Even though it appeared to be settled centuries ago, some still arise today and twist it or toss it. They do so at their own peril. Without the Trinity we don't have a qualified Savior. Without a qualified Savior we don't have Atonement. Without Atonement we don't have salvation. Without salvation we have no hope. Or, to put it another way, no Trinity, no Christianity.

(For a expansive listing of Scriptures on the topic of the Trinity, see my blog entry here.)

What Makes Christianity? The Atonement

We're looking at the unique nature of Christianity. Christianity differs from all other religions in a lot of ways, but the key area is "saved by grace through faith in Christ." What doctrines are essential to the structure of Christianity and why are they essential? We have now seen that the Bible is mandatory as a source document. I've discussed the condition of Man and why that's important. Now what?

The next plainly obvious doctrine of key importance is the doctrine of the Atonement. Given the condition of Man -- sinful to the core and justly deserving damnation -- what hope is there? If we asked the question solely from the position of God's justice, the answer would be "None." But God (one of my favorite phrases in all of Scripture) is also merciful and gracious. Now, He cannot violate His own nature, and justice is part of His nature, so God had to plan a means of satisfying both His justice and His merciful grace. Enter the Atonement.

According to Colossians 2, "You, who were dead in your trespasses and the uncircumcision of your flesh, God made alive together with Him, having forgiven us all our trespasses, by canceling the certificate of debt that stood against us with its legal demands. This He set aside, nailing it to the cross" (Col 2:13-14). There was, then, a "certificate of debt" -- something we owed -- and that debt was set aside by "nailing it to the cross". Paul wrote that we "are justified by His grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, whom God put forward as a propitiation by His blood, to be received by faith. This was to show God's righteousness, because in His divine forbearance He had passed over former sins. It was to show His righteousness at the present time, so that He might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus" (Rom 3:24-26). In this passage we see the term "redemption", an oft-repeated concept throughout Scripture in which we are bought back from a slave condition. There is also the lesser known word, "propitiation". This term references the appeasement of an angry God. Christ, "by His blood", bought us back from slavery to sin and removed the just anger we faced from God. This whole concept (called "the Atonement") was designed by God as a demonstration of His righteousness "so that He might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus." In sending His Son to pay for our sin on our behalf, God satisfied both His justice and His mercy.

Now, please note. There are a few necessities for this doctrine to be in place. First, the price that was paid was the death that was required for sin. Second, that price could not be paid by someone who owed it, or it would cover only their debt. Christ, then, had to be sinless or He would have owed His own debt. Third, for this payment to cover more than one man, Christ had to be more than a man. Well, you can see that this is going someplace ... later.

Take away the atonement and what do we have? We have no payment. We have the problem of Man's condition without a solution. If God is just, He must carry out the just sentence of death. If God does not receive payment for our debt and simply forgives the debt, we would certainly say He is merciful, but He is not just. A "saved by grace" of this sort violates the nature of God and, thus, produces no salvation at all. It simply produces a lesser god who is warm and merciful but not just. It isn't the God of the Bible. And Christianity collapses on the injustice of mercy.

The Atonement has been debated quite a bit. Most of the debate is not about its reality, but its particulars. In other words, most of those debating it aren't asking, "Was the price paid?" Without a price being paid, we have no hope. The debate is over to whom the price was paid. That would qualify as "non-essential". Remove the Atonement and there is no means by which we can be at one with God. If the certificate of debt is not paid and no propitiation made, God will remain in His necessary wrath against sin. We may disagree about some particulars of the Atonement, but the fact of the Atonement is not negotiable. It is an essential element of Christianity.

More Reading on the Atonement:
The Doctrine of the Atonement
The Atonement
The Atonement of Christ

What Makes Christianity? Man's Condition

So far in the series, "What Makes Christianity?", I have laid out the initial premise. Christianity is a religion (by English definition), but it is a unique religion. The primary belief that makes Christianity stand out from all other religions is in the phrase "saved by grace through faith in Christ." It is that premise from which I'm working. In the first entry, then, I explained how the doctrine of Inerrancy of Scripture is essential to Christianity. It is the basis from which we work. I listed that one first not because it's most important, but because I plan to lean on it for the rest of this discussion. So, what else is essential and why?

Most people like to think that humans are basically good. Oh, sure, you'll get a bad one from time to time, but deep down, people really want to be moral, nice, to get along. Anyone who says otherwise is just a negative thinker, a pessimist, a cynic. Assuming this as a valid description of the Nature of Man, we can pretty much eliminate Christianity as a viable religion. Christianity makes the stunning claim that "All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God" (Rom 3:23). There is none among us who is exempt (Rom 3:10-12). Despite the notion that all people are basically good, the Bible claims that all people are, at their core, basically sinful. The problem here is that God, Himself perfect, requires perfection as a prerequisite to having a relationship with Him. Now, if all have sinned, Christianity would say that all are in trouble. The just result of this sin condition, according the Christianity, is ... death (Rom 6:23). (Perhaps "in trouble" is a large understatement.) So humans at their core stand in opposition to God. From God's perspective -- referencing only His justice -- He is obliged to execute all humans. And since their crime is against the Supreme God, their execution must be supreme -- eternal death. No exceptions. No hope.

That is the basic Christian doctrine about the condition of Man. We are sinners, every one of us. We have earned damnation and have no means in ourselves of earning anything better than damnation.

So what if we mitigate that? What if we say, "Oh, that's too extreme"? What if we move Man's condition from "rotten to the core" to something ... not quite so bad? How is it essential? Well, first off, having established that the Bible is true, we would be violating that first point. But moving from there, if it is not true that all humans are sinful -- that "all have sinned" -- we find ourselves in contradiction to our basic premise: "saved by grace through faith in Christ." It has been argued from Pelagius through Charles Finney all the way up to today that "this whole 'Mankind is basically sinful' thing is not right. It is possible for humans to be good enough (by various means, depending on the arguer) to get to heaven. This whole 'saved by Christ' thing isn't necessary. Oh, maybe it's good, but it's not necessary." And we've just managed to turn Christianity into ... every other religion. Be "good enough" and you will be fine. You don't really need to be "saved". You simply need to be "good enough". Now, we can debate what "good enough" means, but unless it is "perfection", this approach eliminates Christianity at its core.

In order for people to need salvation, they have to be in peril. The Bible argues that all have sinned, that Man is basically sinful and stands in peril of eternal damnation. It is the first point, in fact, of the Gospel, the Good News. The Gospel tells us that "You're in danger of Hell" followed by the solution to that problem. Eliminate that problem and you eliminate the Gospel and Christianity. So the basic doctrine of Man's Sin Condition is an essential doctrine, not open to negotiation. It is an essential doctrine of Christianity.

What Makes Christianity? - the series

Christianity is a religion. (To those of you who would disagree, I can't do anything about the English language. If "religion" is defined as "a belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe, and the personal or institutionalized system grounded in such belief and worship", then Christianity qualifies.) We live in a world of many religions. What makes Christianity different? We believe that Christianity is the truth and the rest are not. What is different about Christianity?

The singular most obvious difference between our Faith and the rest of the world's religions is summed up in one phrase: "Saved by grace through faith in Christ." Christianity assumes that Man is sinful (where other religions disagree) and in need of salvation (where other religions disagree). Christianity holds that this salvation can only be given by unmerited favor (where all other religions hold that it is earned by being "good enough"). Christianity holds that the sole "qualifier" for this salvation is a singular reliance (faith) on a singular person (Christ) (where other religions have a variety of qualifiers). Christianity is the one religion that replaces the focus of "us" with "Him", a change of perspective from "How am I doing?" to "Every knee shall bow", a radical shift from anthropocentricism to theism.

Now, the world around us, filled with a whole host of other religions, has a tough time seeing these fundamental differences. Where Christianity claims that Christ is the only way, the world around us is quite content with "There are many ways to God" (or even "There is no God"). Part of the reason for this is that we've allowed it. Well-meaning folks have made it their purpose in life to soften the edges, to make Christianity more palatable to the masses, to avoid being a problem to non-Christians. In so doing, the central doctrines that make Christianity Christianity have been blurred or discarded ... and we end up with not-Christianity.

These central doctrines are what would be called "essentials". I wrote a post a short time ago about the essentials of Christianity. It wasn't popular, I know, and, to my discredit, neither was it supported. So I wanted to look briefly at what makes these things essential. Why are these things so important that they cannot be negotiated? I will address them from this premise: Christianity is unique because of the phrase "saved by grace through faith in Christ".

The first question is "Why do you think that this phrase is what makes Christianity unique? On what do you base this phrase?" Most of us should recognize that the phrase is almost a direct quote from Ephesians. "By grace you have been saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast" (Eph 2:8-9). "Ah," the skeptic would say, "so you're basing it on that book." Yes. Christianity is not unique in deriving its doctrines from a book. Most religions have a book. We're not unique in referring to them as "sacred Scriptures". Christianity appears to be unique in that our Scripture alone seems to be under attack. Question the content of the Quran and you're simply being petty. Ask about the sacred Hindu writings and you're being stubborn. Raise your hand about the Book of Mormon and you're being prejudice. You can't question these Scriptures. They're sacred to their believers. The Bible, on the other hand, is both questionable and unreliable. It is at the very least open to wide (and apparently valid) interpretation. It is certainly not a unique book in any way. It is, just like all the other Scriptures of all the other religions, right in some places, misunderstood in many, and wrong in others.

If that's where we stand, Christianity ceases to be Christianity. Our certainty, for instance, that Christianity's uniqueness lies in a phrase found in a letter written by Paul to the church at Ephesus is mere opinion -- certainly not certainty. I mean, really, did Paul even write that? And why is it right? Or what makes you think you understand it correctly? "No, no," the argument goes, "this whole 'sacred Scripture' thing is just an outlandish belief common to most religions and perpetrated only by those evil, right-wing 'fundamentalists' (meant in the most pejorative sense possible)." In other words, strip off the Bible, and Christianity has nowhere to stand. It is just, as the world suspected, another religion among many religions. There is nothing particularly unique about this one. You Christians are making a mountain out of a mole hill.

The ground on which Christianity stands is, on the face of it, a singular book. That book claims to be "God-breathed", a term that goes beyond anything we know today. It isn't merely "inspired writings". It is breathed out by God to individual writers who, through their own words and personalities, expressd what God intended to have expressed. Quibble about details if you wish. Evidence, logic, experience, and history all provide us with a Bible that is reliable. If it is God-breathed, it is, as God is, without error. These are not negotiable because without them we do not have a reliable source document for Christianity and Christianity goes undefined, a vague idea based on individual preference and feeling. Remove a solid ground upon which to base Christianity and the discussion about the uniqueness of Christianity is over. It's just another religion like any other religion and you mad, right-wing wackos are the ones making it the "only way" by your crazy view on your "sacred Scriptures". Without this "crazy view", Christianity falls. Thus, this view is essential to Christianity.

I haven't offered here any arguments for the inerrancy of Scripture. I haven't given reasons why you should see it as such. I've simply tried to explain why such a view would be essential to Christianity in general. I've listed below resources for you to examine that offer arguments on the subject. Do your own homework. I'm not making the argument that it's true, here. I'm making the argument that it is essential. You can look at some of these arguments and see if it's true. If you have other favorite sources, feel free to list them in the comments section.

Sources on Biblical Inerrancy:
Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy
Is the Bible Inerrant?
Inerrancy and Infallibility of the Bible
Response to the Arguments Against
Defending Biblical Inerrancy
From GotQuestions.org
Is the Bible Authoritative? (Greg Koukl - str.org)
My own defense